Most societies consider ADD and ADHD as part of a life process and do not view them negatively. Our society has a perception of "normal" which does not include ADD and ADHD. The emphasis; therefore, is on treatment of ADD and ADHD.

There seems to be a genetic component of ADD and ADHD. If one person in the family has the condition, there is a high likelihood that someone else also has it.

Current research paints a portrait of ADHD as a frontal lobe dysfunction. PET and SPECT scans indicate excessive slow activity in central and frontal regions of the brain as well as decreased metabolism in the prefrontal region of the brain.

The primary symptoms of ADHD

• problems with sustained attention (inattention)
• poor impulse control (impulsivity)
• inappropriate activity levels (hyperactvity)
• depression

The primary symptoms of ADD

• lethargy
• lack of motivation
• daydreaming
• anxiety
• depression

ADD and ADHD are usually treated with one or more of the following:

• medication
• behavior modification
• EEG Neurofeedback

Biofeedback (EEG Neurofeedback) Theory

The brain produces waves that are detectable as electric current. There are five detectable brainwaves - Alpha, Beta, Theta, Gamma and Delta. Of these, Biofeedback generally addresses Alpha, Beta and Theta waves.

• Alpha waves reflect a meditative state - the body is relaxed but mind is alert and calm. It is associated with putting your mind "in neutral".
• Beta waves are the processors and thinkers. Associated with mental arousual, alertness, an active focusing outside yourself. These are the problem solving waves which are also associated with anxiety.
• Theta waves increase as you get drowsy and closer to sleep. They are associated with creative insight, dreaming and hypnosis.

People with ADD/ADHD exhibit too little Beta (thinking) activity and too much Theta (dreaming) activity. This is the classic inattention for ADD. With ADHD, hyperactivity keeps people from falling asleep. In essence, the person is combatting the high Theta activity and keeping themselves aroused (by increasing their Beta activity).

Getting started ~ the Brain Map

Each brain is extremely complex and individual. Overactivity and underactivity occur in different areas of the brain for different people. Since training is done with electrodes placed on the scalp, it is necessary to determine the areas of activity to address. This is done with a diagnostic tool called the Brain Map.

The Brain Map gives a visual picture of overactivity and underactivity so that training can be targeted for more efficient treatment. Some Biofeedback practitioners believe in the same electrode placement for all individuals. The latest research and advances in neuroscience believe that Brain Mapping has merit. Since it is a new technology, Brain mapping is controversial.

There are several Brain Map databases which have been developed through research. There is no definitive database and most individuals who use this technique use several databases.

The Arizona standard of care calls for an initial Brain Map before beginning EEG Neurofeedback in the treatment of ADD or ADHD. Once the mapping is done and interpreted, an experienced Biofeedback therapist can use the results to begin a course of treatment.

Course of treatment

ADD and ADHD should be treated in a holistic manner. In order to achieve the desired results, a combination of medication/therapy and EEG Neurofeedback should be considered.